It appearing that the allegations of the charge, if true, might constitute an unfair practice within the meaning of the Act, a Complaint and Notice of Hearing was issued on December 29, 1976, and a hearing was held before the undersigned in New Brunswick, New Jersey, on June 1, 1977. ^2/

In the months of April and May 1976 the parties were engaged in negotiations for a successor agreement for the coming year, although no active negotiations were taking place. The parties had been through mediation and were awaiting a hearing by a factfinder.

The school calendar provided for an A Open House @ on May 13, 1976. While there is no specific provisions within the then existing contract for such an Open House, it is undisputed that a past practice had arisen over the years whereby on the day of Open House teachers would work half a day and then return for two hours in the evening. This particular year the majority of teachers did not attend Open House. Those teachers who did not attend were docked approximately two-sevenths of one day = s pay.

The Association maintains that it was an unfair practice for the board to dock the two hours = pay since a conflict arose as to whether or not the teachers would be entitled to leave school early as in years past. It is claimed that they were never told they had the right to leave early, that the Board in effect promoted confusion over the issue and, accordingly, they worked a full teaching day and should not have been docked. The undersigned finds the Association = s claims in this matter entirely without merit.

Mr. Jeffrey Frey is President of the Association and testified on behalf of the Association. He stated that on May 7, 1976, he wrote a letter to Mr. Russell Shellhammer, Acting Principal, asking if the teachers will be dismissed at 1 o = clock as they had been in the past for Open House day. Frey claimed that he never received an answer directly to this letter except that on May 10, 1976, a letter was sent to all teachers simply stating that they were to announce in their classes that on Open House day there will be an early dismissal at 1:15 p.m. Frey maintained that the May 10 letter did not answer his questions concerning the matter, but admitted that he did not ask anyone for a clarification. Shellhammer, however, testified that he spoke to Frey privately and told him there would be an early dismissal.

On May 12, 1976, Frey sent a letter (addressed, A To Whom It May Concern @ ) to the Superintendent of Schools, Mr. LaPenna. The letter stated that the members of the Association A respectively decline the invitation to attend Open House on May 13 from 7 to 9 p.m. We do so in order to emphasize our views concerning problems that seriously affect the educational process at Somerset County Vocational-Technical Schools, that we regret having to take this action, we feel it is necessary because other methods to eliminate problems have proven ineffective. @ The letter goes on to list three areas of concern, specifically (1) reduction of actual teaching time by assignment of bus duty; (2) failure of the city administration to implement an effective policy concerning attendance, student behavior; and (3) claimed abuse of managerial prerogatives through contractual interpreta- tions by the Board of Education. On that same date, May 12th, Frey sent a letter to Shellhammer stating that the members of the Association will A remain in their respective areas until 3:45 on May 13, 1976. We are doing so to fulfill our contractual obligation as specified in Article XVII of the 1975-1976 collective agreement between the Association and the Board of Education. @ the letter went on to say that, A we will remain at our respective areas unless ordered otherwise. Please contact me if you have any questions about this action. @ In response to this letter Shellhammer contacted LaPenna, the Superintendent, and they, in turn, met with Frey and other Association members, including Fred Vogt. There was a dispute in the testimony as to what transpired at the meeting. Frey in his testimony characterized the conversations to the effect that the Board would not clarify their position as to whether or not there would be an early dismissal. He did not testify as to what specific words were said and was very evasive in terms of the total context and thrust of this meeting. Similarly, Vogt testified that the issue of early dismissal was raised but he never testified to exactly what was said at the meeting. He claimed he wanted to know if they would be dismissed at 1 o = clock but it was never made clear to the Hearing Examiner by Vogt what the Association = s position was in terms of their willingness to attend the Open House. Both Shellhammer and LaPenna testified that the issue of the early dismissal was never raised at the meeting by the Association but rather the meeting dealt with the willingness of the Association members to attend the Open House.

Mr. LaPenna, on the same day of May 12th, wrote a letter to Frey concerning the events of the day. He acknowledged receipt of Frey = s letter of May 12 and reviewed the 4 o = clock meeting. LaPenna wrote that Frey personally confirmed the stated intention of the teachers not to attend the Open House. LaPenna went on to say in the letter that the Open House will be conducted as scheduled and teachers are expected to be in their respective shop/classrooms at the scheduled time. Additionally, LaPenna wrote a letter to Frey on the day of the scheduled Open House, May 13th. In that letter LaPenna confirmed the past practice of the district and stated there would be an early dismissal; the teachers would not be expected to remain beyond 1:15 p.m., but they would be expected to return to school at 7 p.m. and be there until 9 p.m. Frey testified that he did not receive this letter until sometime after his lunch hour B sometime between 12:15 and 1 p.m. His testimony was not disputed. Shortly after the students were dismissed, the Association held a meeting of its members in the school. Frey testified that the teachers decided they would remain for the regular school hours and not participate in the Open House. Frey admitted that he did not reveal to other Association members the contents of LaPenna = s letter of May 13th.

It is undisputed that the teachers for the most part did not attend the Open House and those teachers who did not attend were docked the equivalent of two hours = salary from their following paycheck. On the basis of all the evidence adduced and on the credibility of witnesses as discussed above, I find that the Association = s position that they could not determine what the status of the early dismissal on the 13th would be is less than honest. The Association officers knew full well that there would be an early dismissal and if there was a legitimate concern on the part of Frey as to the meaning of Shellhammer = s notice of May 10th (assuming Shellhammer was mistaken and they did not meet), Frey could very easily have simply asked Shellhammer, but by his own testimony Frey admitted that he did not do so. It is clear that the Association took advantage of the confusion over the issue of Open House in order to stage a job action ^3/ to publicize their problem in negotiations.

The parties acknowledged the existence of the Open House as a past practice and the Commission has held that the contractual obligation can be created through a past practice. Burlington City Board of Education, P.E.R.C. No. 77-4, 2 NJPER 256 (1976); H.E. No. 76-12, 2 NJPER 284 (1976). The requirement of the Board for attendance could in no way be considered a change or alteration of terms and conditions of employment. The fact that the Association members stayed in school until 3:45 p.m. is irrelevant. They know they had no obligation to do so.

The Association argues that, in any event, it was improper to dock pay from the salaries of Association members and that it is maintained an employer has no right to impose a penalty upon employees absent some contractual provision and none exists in the parties = contract. It is noted the contract between the parties for 1975-76 incorporated by reference the preceding year = s contract. Within that contract Article XIV provides that, under Section D, A each employee may request to be excused without loss of pay for not more than a total of three days per school year @ for the certain enumerated reasons (emphasis supplied). It is clear by inference that the Association through the negotiations process accepted the right of the Board to dock employees on days when they are absent without excuse. Here the teachers were absent from the Open House without excuse. It is important to note that the scheduled attendance requirement for teachers at the Open House was two hours, and those who did not attend were docked for only two hours. Accordingly, this action was not a fine or punishment, but was imposed in accordance with the contract.

Accordingly, it is hereby recommended that the Commission dismiss the Complaint in its entirety.

Edmund G. Gerber

Hearing Examiner



DATED: Trenton, New Jersey
February 3, 1978